Gold is a chemical element with the symbol Au (from Latin: aurum) and atomic number 79. This makes it one of the higher atomic number elements that occur naturally. It is a bright, slightly orange-yellow, dense, soft, malleable, and ductile metal in a pure form. Chemically, gold is a transition metal and a group 11 element. It is one of the least reactive chemical elements and is solid under standard conditions. Gold often occurs in free elemental (native state), as nuggets or grains, in rocks, veins, and alluvial deposits. It occurs in a solid solution series with the native element silver (as electrum), naturally alloyed with other metals like copper and palladium, and mineral inclusions such as within pyrite. Less commonly, it occurs in minerals as gold compounds, often with tellurium (gold tellurides).
Common oxidation states of gold include +1 (gold(I) or aurous compounds) and +3 (gold(III) or auric compounds). Gold ions in solution are readily reduced and precipitated as metal by adding any other metal as the reducing agent. The added metal is oxidized and dissolves, allowing the gold to be displaced from solution and be recovered as a solid precipitate.
solid state physics ma wahab pdf 137
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Devi Prasad received his BS-MS Dual Degree in Chemistry from the Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal in 2018, working on solid state materials and crystallography. Then he moved to Prof. Greta R. Patzke's research group at the University of Zurich for his PhD studies. His present research focuses on the synthesis, structural tuning and in situ mechanistic investigations of multi-nuclear molecular water oxidation catalysts using combined synchrotron X-ray and conventional spectroscopic techniques, together with their immobilization on metal oxide surfaces for photo/electrocatalytic water oxidation.
Yonggui Zhao received his BSc in Electrical Engineering from Northeastern University (2014) and his MSc in Solid-state Electronics from Tianjin University (2017). After working as a Junior Researcher in experimental physics at the University of Amsterdam, he joined the group of Prof. Greta R. Patzke as a PhD candidate in University of Zurich (December 2017). He is currently working on nanostructured materials in electrocatalysis. 2ff7e9595c